酱卤肉制品连续式传输轨道关键技术研究

通过研究钢板式、PU式、网带式、双节距式等不同类型的传送装备对酱卤肉制品感官、微生物指标的影响,确定最佳传送装备为双节距式传送装备,以设备清洗方便性、清洗后食品接触面微生物水平、产品外观完整性为评价指标,调整并确定双节距间隙为0.5 cm;根据产品完整性和产能,确定双节距最佳传送速度15 m/min,显著提高了工作效率,同时提高了产品的感官特性。     

Y型网式过滤器堵塞过程对有机肥浓度的响应研究

为研究水肥一体化设备中用于过滤有机肥的Y型网式过滤器的堵塞规律,对Y型网式过滤器在初始流量500 L/h、水源压力117.6 k Pa下,设置25、30、40、50 g/L共4种黄腐酸钾有机肥肥液质量浓度,进行了过滤器堵塞试验,分析了Y型网式过滤器的局部水头损失与单个滤孔滤网清洁度(单个滤孔有效过水断面面积与孔隙总面积比值) S/S0的关系,并利用XRD分析了过滤器内堵塞物质的成分。结果表明:肥液质量浓度对过滤器滤网清洁度影响显著,建议肥液质量浓度不超过40 g/L;过滤器局部水头损失在S/S0减小到10%后才逐渐开始增大,过滤器局部水头损失与滤网清洁度、肥液质量浓度有关,利用多项式拟合给出了过滤器滤网清洁度与肥液质量浓度、施肥持续时间的关系式及局部水头损失与肥液质量浓度、滤网清洁度的关系式;滤网堵塞物质主要成分为硫酸钙、草酸钙。本研究结果可为水肥一体化设备中过滤器的选择提供理论参考。     

土壤日晒在绿色植保中的应用与展望

土壤消毒主要用于土壤病虫草害防控。过去几十年,土壤主要采用化学药品熏蒸消毒,不合理使用容易造成环境污染。土壤蒸汽消毒、火焰消毒和热水浇灌等需要专门的仪器设备,且存在能耗较高、灭生性强、容易破坏土壤结构等缺点。目前,土壤日晒技术受到意大利、美国、以色列等70多个国家农业科学家的广泛关注,但在中国依然处于初级阶段。本文总结了国内外学者关于土壤日晒对农业病虫草害、土壤肥力、农作物产量等方面的影响与应用,分析了土壤日晒存在的局限性,并对土壤日晒在未来农业绿色防控上的应用前景进行了展望,以期为农产品无公害生产提供理论依据和实践参考。     

外源褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期生理和产量的影响

干旱胁迫降低大豆产量,探究提高大豆耐旱能力和降低产量损失的机制对大豆生产具有重要意义。施褪黑素能缓解干旱胁迫对植株生长的抑制和氧化损伤。本试验于2017—2018年研究叶面喷施褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆鼓粒期叶片光合、抗逆、碳氮代谢和产量的影响表明,外源褪黑素提高干旱胁迫下大豆叶片抗氧化酶活性,抑制活性氧的产生和细胞膜损伤,缓解干旱胁迫对光合能力的抑制,提高碳氮同化能力,最终缓解干旱胁迫造成的产量损失。与干旱胁迫相比,褪黑素处理下单株荚数、单株粒数和百粒重两年平均提高了2.9%、0.8%和17.2%,产量(单株粒重)平均提高了14.7%。     

绿肥翻压后减肥和基施控释肥对烟叶产质量和土壤肥力的影响

为研究绿肥（豌豆）翻压后合理施用肥料问题,采用田间小区试验,在翻压绿肥的基础上通过减少基肥用量和控释肥代替部分基肥,研究其对烟叶产量、产值和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,绿肥翻压可以提高低有机质土壤（有机质含量<10 g/kg）的有机质含量,对其他土壤化学性质无显著影响;绿肥翻压后将基肥减少15%和30%对烟叶产量、产值无显著影响,对烟叶化学成分无明显影响。在减少15%基肥后,将剩余基肥的50%以控释肥代替,可以显著提高烟叶产量和产值,提高烟叶钾含量和钾/氯比,改善烟叶品质。     

山东发现草地贪夜蛾为害马铃薯

重大迁飞性害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)侵入我国后,截至2019年9月17日,已经在全国25个省份查见。2019年9月,山东省滕州市姜屯镇秋马铃薯地块发现疑似该虫为害,经鉴定,确认为草地贪夜蛾,对被害地块情况、马铃薯被害状、被害率进行了调查及描述,为该虫在马铃薯上的防治提供参考。     

Salvianolate attenuates oxidative stress injury of human endothelial EA.hy926 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide

AIM: To investigate the effect of salvianolate on oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells.METHODS: EA.hy926 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into the following groups:control group, damage group, and anti-damage groups (salvianolate+damage groups). The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The migration ability of the EA.hy926 cells was detected by Transwell assay. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatant of the EA.hy926 cells was examined. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by ELISA. The apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular superoxide anion content of the EA.hy926 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB and p53 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with damage group, the viability of EA.hy926 cells pretreated with salvianolate at different concentrations was significantly increased (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Savianolate enhanced the migration ability of the cells. The levels of VEGF, NO and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were increased (P<0.05), and the intracellular ROS level was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein levels of NF-κB, p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly decreased, and the protein level of Bcl-2 was markedly increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Savianolate reduces the damage of EA.hy926 cells by hydrogen peroxide exposure, and its mechanism may be related to the blocking of NF-κB signaling pathway.     

樱桃番茄抗青枯病砧木新品种海茄砧1 号的选育

海茄砧1 号是以野生茄子自交系HZ09-5 为母本，以从越南引进的茄子品种自交系HZ10-2 为父本育成的高抗青枯 病樱桃番茄砧木品种。植株生长势较强，第1 雌花节位约为第7 节，花为紫色，果实卵圆形，青熟果淡绿紫色或淡绿色，果 萼绿色，果长7～9 cm，果宽4～6 cm，单果质量为50～60 g，种子千粒重为3.2 g 左右，种皮浅黄色，高抗青枯病。海茄砧 1 号与樱桃番茄的嫁接亲和性好，共生性强，嫁接苗成活率高。嫁接后的樱桃番茄果萼开展，果面有光泽，可明显改善果实 VC、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量等品质，提高产量。适宜华南地区樱桃番茄的嫁接栽培。     

A rapid,simple, and sensitive immunoagglutination assay with silica nanoparticles for serotype identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

An agglutination test based on colored silica nanoparticles (colored SiNps) was established to detect serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Monodisperse colored SiNps were used as agglutination test carriers. The colored SiNps were prepared through reverse microemulsion with reactive dyes, sensitized with 11 kinds of mono-specific antibodies against P. aeruginosa, and denoted as IgG-colored SiNps. Eleven kinds of IgG-colored SiNps were individually mixed with P. aeruginosa on a glass slide. Different serotypes of P. aeruginosa could be identified by agglutination test with evident agglutination. The P. aeruginosa could be detected in a range from 3.6 × 10⁵ to 3.6 × 10¹² cfu mL^?1. This new agglutination test was confirmed to be a specific, sensitive, fast, easy-to-perform, and cost-efficient tool for the routine diagnosis of P. aeruginosa.     

微生物素在果蔬采后保鲜中的应用进展

微生物素在果蔬采后保鲜中有重要的应用价值,但目前实际应用在果蔬采后保鲜领域中的并不多。本文分析了目前已经应用到果蔬保鲜领域的微生物素种类,有乳酸链球菌肽、溶菌酶、木霉发酵液等,分析了其抑菌保鲜原理及研究现状;并结合微生物素的特点,提出了微生物素在未来果蔬采后保鲜中的发展趋势,即面对冷藏技术使用不完善的现象,可以开发利用更多的微生物素种类,如纳他霉素、红曲霉素、短梗霉多糖等,为今后果蔬采后保鲜领域的健康可持续发展提供参考。